“Cells are the basic building block of all living things”- German scientists Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden stated this in the early 1800s. Cells are truly considered the essence of life as they harbour the basic structure and functionality of all living organisms. A deeper qualitative as well as quantitative understanding of cellular biology is the key to unravelling the molecular mechanism for various human diseases. The understanding of cellular physiology and mechanics are the basis of developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting specific cellular pathways and mechanisms. In this thesis, first we establish a custom-made electro-fluidic system to measure volume of model cells with high-throughput and accuracy. We use our micropore-based detection system to precisely measure the alcohol dependent physiological changes in RBCs. Further, we designed a customized low-cost portable high-throughput amplifier for our electro-fluidic detections, which can be used for point-of-care applications. Next, we studied the role of mechanical properties of cells during their migration through channels mimicking the actual biological conditions. We use custom-made constricted electro-fluidic devices for the quantification of the cellular physiological and mechanical responses. The AFM force spectroscopy measurements were used as control to establish an empirical formulation for cellular elastic modulus. The point-of-care application of our measurement system is demonstrated for the screening of sickle cell disease patients at a hospital. The work performed in this thesis opens the possibility for the whole cell stiffness to be used as a preliminary screening parameter for many haematological conditions, also showcasing applications in other areas such as tumour cell identification, veterinary sciences as well as hydrogel technologies.