JWST is transforming extragalactic astronomy by delivering unprecedented sensitivity and spatial resolution across the near- and mid-infrared. Early observations already reveal rapid stellar mass buildup, complex morphologies, diverse dust and ISM conditions, and a richer-than-expected population of evolved and actively star-forming systems in the first billion years.

In this talk, I will highlight key advances from major JWST extragalactic surveys—COSMOS-Web, CEERS, and JADES/MIDIS—focusing on the emerging picture of early galaxy growth. I will discuss results on the emergence of luminous red galaxies (LRDs) at z > 4, the identification of robust galaxy candidates at z > 10, and evidence for early AGN and growing black holes. I will also touch on new insights into dust and metal enrichment in early galaxies, and outline how these findings inform current models of early galaxy formation.