Feedback from supernovae or supermassive black holes play a major role in dictating the evolution of galaxies. The interaction between the produced energy and the interstellar medium is often mediated by bubbles and winds, such as the gamma-ray bubbles (known as the Fermi Bubbles) in our Galaxy. Such processes often result in multi-wavelength observations for which a detailed theoretical understanding is necessary. In the talk, I will present how bubbles and winds produced by supernovae and supermassive black holes interact with the interstellar medium and their observational signatures. I will show how consideration of detailed microphysics, such as non-equilibrium ionization and radiative transfer in these systems can uncover so far unknown properties. Understanding the effects of such microphysical processes can lead us much closer to bridging the gap between theory and observations in the interstellar medium.