Pre-Submission Thesis Presentation

Fabry–Pérot (FP) cavities are central to advancing the understanding of light–matter interactions by providing a platform for coherent and controlled coupling between ultracold gases and quantized electromagnetic fields. In the collective strong coupling regime, where multiple atoms couple simultaneously to a single cavity mode, vacuum Rabi splitting (VRS) and cavity electromagnetically induced transparency (cavity EIT) become prominent. In such scenarios, the cavity emission is significantly modified, reflecting the underlying atom–cavity interaction. This thesis covers the theoretical formulation of atom–cavity interactions, laser cooling and trapping of Rubidium atoms, the experimental setup, working principle of FP cavity, and the preparation and detailed implementation of all laser systems. A significant focus of the thesis is the development of a stabilization scheme for FP cavities designed to enable stable and precise operation in precision atomic physics experiments, as well as the application of cavity-mediated interactions for the non-destructive detection of ultracold atoms.